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Hate Crimes
Summary: Number of hate crime incidents by bias cateogry
Database Detail
| Name | Hate Crimes |
| Summary | Number of hate crime incidents by bias cateogry |
| Additional Background | This database reports the number of hate crime incidents by all U.S. law enforcement agencies. More than 91 percent of agencies participate in the collection of these data. Incidents for non-reporting agencies are excluded. NA indicates that agencies reported no data for the selected category. A value of zero (0) indicates that 0 was reported explicitly. The FBI has over time modified some categories. For example, the FBI began reporting data for Gender and Gender identity in 2013, so all previous years are reported as NA, or Not Available. Similarly, the FBI has expanded some category definitions over time, e.g., the anti-religious category now includes 14 separate religious, from anti-Jewish to anti-Sikh. These are reported as NA in years before this expansion.
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| Geographic Coverage | U.S., States, Counties, City or Other Local Government |
| Periodicity | Annually |
| Series Begins/Ends | 1991/2021 |
| Data Source | Federal Bureau of Investigation |
This database reports the number of hate crime incidents by all U.S. law enforcement agencies. More than 91 percent of agencies participate in the collection of these data. Incidents for non-reporting agencies are excluded.
NA indicates that agencies reported no data for the selected category. A value of zero (0) indicates that 0 was reported explicitly. The FBI has over time modified some categories. For example, the FBI began reporting data for Gender and Gender identity in 2013, so all previous years are reported as NA, or Not Available. Similarly, the FBI has expanded some category definitions over time, e.g., the anti-religious category now includes 14 separate religious, from anti-Jewish to anti-Sikh. These are reported as NA in years before this expansion.
Geographic Coverage: U.S., States, Counties, City or Other Local Government
Periodicity: Annually
Series Begins/Ends: 1991/2021
Source (APA):
RAND State Statistics. (2023, May 22). Hate Crimes. https://randstatestats.org/statsus/community/us_hatecrimes.php
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APA
Format or style, from the American Psychological Association, is commonly used for footnotes in behavioral and social science publications. APA citation is an author-year-system. It is one of the most common styles used and taught at colleges and high schools. See here for more details, including APA formatting for bibliographies.Chicago
Format or style (also known as Turabian), created by the University of Chicago, is commonly used for footnotes in history, business, and fine arts and occasionally in the humanities, sciences, and social sciences. The Chicago style has two systems of citation. The author-date system (most common in social sciences and sciences) cites sources parenthetically in the text. The notes and bibliography system (most common in humanities) cites sources in numbered footnotes or endnotes which correspond to a superscript number in the text. See here for more details, including Chicago formatting for bibliographies.MLA
Modern Language Association (MLA) format or style is most commonly used for footnotes in the language arts, cultural studies, liberal arts, and humanities. MLA uses short parenthetical citations within the text that are linked to an alphabetical list of work cited at the end of the document. MLA commonly cites using this format: author's last name, first name, title, publication, edition or chapter, and year. See here for more details, including MLA formatting for bibliographies.AMA
American Medical Association (AMA) format or style is most commonly used for footnotes in medicine, biomedical research, nursing, dentistry, and other life sciences. AMA uses numerical superscript for citing sources in-text and refers to a list at the end of the work. These references appear in sequential order of when the sources were cited, instead of alphabetical order. See here for more details, including AMA formatting for bibliographies.Derived From: Federal Bureau of Investigation